Many investors assume that index funds and ETFs passively own “the market”, but the reality is more complex. The underlying indices that these funds track are far from static — they evolve continuously as companies are added and removed. Every year, numerous firms exit major indices, making way for new […]
Bovespa Index (Ibovespa) P/E Ratio & Earnings (Brazil)
As of January 1st, 2026, the trailing price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of Brazil’s Bovespa Index stands at 11.45, while the forward P/E ratio is 9.25. The Bovespa Index, commonly referred to as the Ibovespa, serves as the benchmark equity index for the Brazilian stock market, representing the performance of the country’s […]
China (Shanghai) Stock Market P/E, CAPE Ratio & Earnings Growth
As of January 1, 2026, the Shanghai stock market has a trailing price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 18.06 and a forward P/E of 14.93, while the CAPE ratio is 17.71. These multiples are based on the SSE Composite Index, the primary benchmark for mainland China’s stock market. Following a year of […]
Nikkei 225 (Japan) P/E Ratio & Earnings Growth
As of January 1, 2026, Japan’s Nikkei 225 index has a trailing price-earnings (P/E) ratio of 17.88 and a forward P/E of 16.87. The cyclically adjusted CAPE ratio stands at 29.38. As one of the most widely tracked indices, the Nikkei 225 serves as a key benchmark for the Japanese […]
Global P/E Ratios (Price-Earnings) by Country
The table below presents the price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios of the world’s largest stock markets, based on their respective benchmark equity indices. It includes both trailing and forward P/E ratios for each country. Currently (January 2026), India and the United States stand out as the most expensive equity markets worldwide. In […]
Hong Kong/Hang Seng Index P/E & Earnings Growth
As of January 1st, 2026, the Hang Seng Index (HSI) has a trailing price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 12.89 and a forward P/E ratio of 13.75. Widely recognized as the benchmark index for Hong Kong’s equity market, the HSI includes some of China’s leading tech giants, such as Alibaba Group, Tencent, […]
Europe P/E (Price-Earnings) Ratio & Earnings Growth – European Equity Valuations
The table below presents the current and historical price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios of the European stock market. These ratios are calculated using the STOXX Europe 600 index, which includes large, mid, and small-cap companies from 17 European countries, including the United Kingdom. As of January 1st, 2026, the trailing P/E ratio […]
Price-to-Book (P/B) Ratio by Sector (U.S. Large Cap)
The table below displays the current and historical price-to-book (P/B) ratios by sector, based on the 500 largest public U.S. companies. It’s important to note that P/B ratios should not be used to compare valuations across different sectors. Instead, a sector’s current P/B should be assessed relative to its historical […]
Global Stock Market P/E Ratio & Earnings Growth
As of January 1, 2026, the global equity market has a trailing Price-Earnings (P/E) ratio of 23.12 and a forward P/E ratio of 18.89. These multiples are based on an index comprising 3,000 publicly traded companies from 47 countries. Both ratios exceed long-term historical averages, indicating a potential overvaluation of […]
CAPE Ratios by Sector (U.S. Large Cap)
The table below displays the current and historical CAPE ratios by Sector, calculated using the 500 largest publicly traded U.S. companies. If a sector’s cyclically adjusted price-to-earnings (CAPE) ratio is below its historical average, it may suggest the sector is undervalued, and vice versa. The CAPE ratio varies significantly across […]