Many investors assume that index funds and ETFs passively own “the market”, but the reality is more complex. The underlying indices that these funds track are not static; they evolve continuously as companies are added and removed. Every year, numerous firms exit major indices, making way for new entrants. This […]
Hong Kong/Hang Seng Index P/E & Earnings Growth
As of January 1st, 2025, the Hang Seng Index (HSI) has a trailing price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 10.04 and a forward P/E ratio of 9.74. Widely recognized as the benchmark index for Hong Kong’s equity market, the HSI includes some of China’s leading tech giants, such as Alibaba Group, Tencent, […]
Global Dividend Yields by Country
The table below presents historical dividend yields for the world’s largest economies. When assessing whether a country’s stock market may be undervalued, its current dividend yield should not be directly compared to those of other nations. Instead, dividend yield serves as a more effective valuation indicator when measured against the […]
Average Equity Returns of Public U.S. Companies
What is the average return of the U.S. stock market? The answer that has been accepted as an undeniable truth among investors is that the average annual return is around 10%. The annualized return of the most followed U.S. large cap equity index between January 1st, 1920 and January 1st, […]
Canada Stock Market – P/E Ratio, CAPE & Earnings Growth
The table below presents the historical price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio (TTM), earnings per share (EPS), CAPE ratio, and dividend yield for Canada’s equity market, based on large-cap companies listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange. As of January 1, 2025, Canada’s stock market has a trailing P/E ratio of 19.36 and a […]
Price-to-Book (P/B) Ratio by Sector (U.S. Large Cap)
The table below displays the current and historical price-to-book (P/B) ratios by sector, based on the 500 largest U.S. companies. It’s important to note that P/B ratios should not be used to compare valuations across different sectors. Instead, a sector’s current P/B should be assessed relative to its historical average […]
Global Market Cap to GDP (GNI) Ratios by Country
The table below displays the total market cap-to-GNI (GDP) ratios for the world’s largest economies. This ratio, also known as the Buffett Indicator, can be used to assess a country’s stock market valuation by comparing its current level to historical averages, providing possible insight into potential future returns. As of […]
Nikkei 225 Index Sector Weightings
The table below lists the Sector weightings of the Nikkei 225 stock index. The largest sector of the index is the Information Technology sector which makes up 24.23% of the index (Jan 1st, 2024). Consumer Discretionary sector holds the second place with a weighting of 20.97%. It’s important to remember […]
P/E & CAPE Ratio India Stock Market (NIFTY 50)
The current P/E (price-earnings) ratio of India’s NIFTY 50 stock index is 23.17 (January 1st, 2024). The CAPE ratio of the India’s stock market, calculated using the same index, is 34.87. Both ratios are considerably higher than the historical averages which might indicate the the Indian equity market is currently […]
Dividend Yields by Sector/Industry (U.S. Large Cap)
The table below lists the current and historical dividend yields by Sector, calculated using the 500 largest public U.S. companies. At the moment, the Energy sector and Utilities are providing the best yield for investors. However, using the dividend yield to compare the valuations different sectors is difficult as share […]